I believe Aizen wins this pretty conformably, even with the caveat of being unable to use The Hogyoku. I don't see Madara being the one who would initiate the illusory battle between the two as it isn't in character for him to do that given his desires to fight against strong opponents without trickery or deceit, while Aizen absolutely would in character do this because he does so in every encounter he has throughout the series, outside of Ichigo because of plot reasons.
So the debate would need to start off with discussing if Madara could break out of Kanzen Saimin or not. Personally, I don't think he can as Kyoka Suigetsu doesn't manipulate a system in a similar way that Genjutsu does. It manipulates the spiritual body of the person and controls their senses that way, which is different from how Genjutsu controls the perceptions of the opponent, which is through manipulating their optical nerves, Chakra pathways, and the likes. Because of this, I don't believe Madara could break out of it through using either his Sharingan or Rinnegan as it isn't similar enough with Genjutsu to allow that connection to be made. Subsequently, I also don't believe his resistances would be important here as it can't be equalized with Genjutsu, which is the ability that Madara is resistant to specifically.
Under the assumption that Aizen has used Kyoka Suigetsu against Madara and Madara is incapable of either resisting it initially or breaking out of it after he realizes what has occurred. I don't see how Madara would notice in enough time that he's under Kanzen Saimin and use an ability that could potentially circumvent this, such as Limbo, before Aizen appears around him and catches him off-guard, similar to how Hashirama did, and kills him.
Because of this, I don't feel the need to address Limbo Clones, TSO, or any other ability from Madara, as I don't see him having enough time to use anything effectively before Aizen just kills him outright.
