Fundamentally speaking the only thing that matters in martial arts is landing blows and not taking blows. Ideally taking initiative at the start of the fight and landing a singular precise attack that knocks the opponent out instantly. Martial Arts just defines how you do these things.
In Goku's case all you need to do it point to
his fight against Hit. He saw him fight exactly one time and within minutes can perfectly predict where he will move in zero time and counter attack. He downloaded Hit with zero difficulty and rendered Time Skip borderline meaningless, forcing Hit to evolve his Time Skip to go even further into the future to compensate for Goku's pure skill. The manga even shows Goku's ability to read body language, with
him predicting Hit using Time Skip via a faint twitch in his hand.
And this isn't a unique trait of Goku. Even
Freeza has illustrated an ability to instantly read an opponent's movements after seeing them fight only once. And he only fought Goku twice in his life
but could run battle simulations in his mind for an entire year that gave him the adequate skill level
to match Goku's movements and later
perfectly coordinate with him against Jiren.
In short, the combat analysis abilities of DBS characters are incredibly high level. To the extent that time travelers and teleporters can be downloaded after a single encounter and with two fights they can run battle simulations in their mind to increase their skill level dramatically (albeit Freeza did so over the course of a year but this is against Goku who also had several years of training since Freeza last fought him).
In short, Goku is going to learn his opponent's fighting style in less than a minute of fighting, probably, and will be able to predict just about every movement they will make. Even if they have advantages like teleportation or manipulating time. Which provides him an extreme advantage in hand-to-hand combat in landing blows and avoiding blows.
... 2050
